Peter Clenott

Contents Section I Basic Concepts and Foundations 1 Introduction to Technology and Planning Purpose The Potential in Primary and Secondary Schools The Beginning Years Steady Progress in Administrative Systems Instructional Systems Show Promise The Need for Planning The Systems Approach Organization Summary 2 Basic Concepts of Planning Schools as Social Systems Evaluating the Bottom Line: The Social Process and Rational Models Common Elements of Educational Planning Planning for Technology Taking a Positive Attitude to Evaluation Administrative and Instructional Applications Case Study Summary 3 Technology, Learning, and Equity Issues Technocentric Education When Should Computer Education Begin? Special Education Equity Issues Case Study Summary Section II Technology in Action 4 Technology in Educational Administration Knowledge Is Power The Age of Knowledge Specialized Administrative Applications Integrating it All Together: Data-Driven Decision Making Case Study Summary 5 Technology in Instruction Instructional Computing: A New Beginning Instructional Computing: Some History A Brief Review of the Research Defining Technology's Role: A Touch of Philosophy Classification Systems and Definitions of Terms Tutor Applications Tool Applications Tutee Applications Integrated Learning Systems Multimedia: A Brief Word Data Communications Curriculum Integration and Planning Case Study Summary 6 Multimedia in Education Multimedia Defined Multimedia for Multiple Intelligences (MI) Multimedia Literacy Multimedia Systems Analog Videodisc and Digital Versatile Disc Technology Multimedia Software Multimedia for Teaching and Learning Multimedia Resources and Copyrights Media Distribution Systems Case Study Summary 7 Data Communications, the Internet, and Educational Applications Data Communications in the Schools The Internet The World Wide Web Commercial On-Line Services Applications on the Internet Multimedia and the Web The Internet and Education Summary 8 Distance Learning Distance Learning Defined Distance Learning Technologies: An Overview Print Technologies Audio Technologies Video Technologies Computer Technologies Blending Technologies Designing Instructional Materials: A Comparison of Distance Learning Technologies Designing Programs for Distance Learners Distance Learning: Some Issues Case Study Summary Section III Planning and Implementation 9 Hardware Planning and Evaluation Hardware Planning for the Long Range Hardware Evaluation Criteria Special Considerations for Administrative Applications Special Considerations for Instructional Applications Case Study Summary 10 Software Selection and Evaluation Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Software Evaluation Criteria Administrative Software Evaluation Factors Instructional Software Evaluation Factors Case Study Summary 11 Staff Development A Long Way to Go The Staff Development Planning Model Who Learns? Different Alternatives for Different Needs Designing and Implementing Effective Staff Development Programs Resources Case Study Summary 12 Managing Facilities Getting Bigger Staffing and Administration Central Laboratories Physical Environment Data Communications Facilities and Information Infrastructure Hardware Maintenance Software Maintenance and Distribution Policies, Procedures, and Documentation Security The Helping Place Case Study Summary 13 Financial Planning Technology Can Be Expensive The Cost-Effectiveness of Technology A Time Line for Financial Planning The Budget Worksheet A Budget Model Special Considerations of Budgeting for Technology Applications Sources of Funds Case Study Summary Epilogue Appendix A Basic Concepts of Computer Technology Appendix B Educational Leader Competencies Appendix C Instructional Software Evaluation Factors Glossary Index.